本文最后更新于:2024年5月10日 下午
前言
狂神的SpringMVC
教程里,后面有SSM框架整合,跟着敲了一遍,感觉还是比较陌生,可能是看得太快了。结合着网上的博客再过一遍,捋一捋。
目标:熟悉SSM框架开发的基本流程;了解框架结构
1、搭建项目的基础环境
前置–环境要求
基础环境搭建
《1》在IDEA新建maven项目,命名为SSM_Union
,再右键Add Framework support
添加web框架支持。完成后如图
《2》在项目的pom.xml
文件中添加依赖配置
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| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.12</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
</dependencies>
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《3》Maven资源过滤设置
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| <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
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《4》搭建目录结构如图
包名 |
名称 |
描述 |
controller |
控制层 |
负责具体的业务模块流程的控制,controller调用service的接口实现业务控制流程。 |
dao |
数据持久层 |
负责与底层数据打交道。常见的数据库操作、文件读写等 |
pojo |
实体类(也写作entity) |
与数据库的表对应,封装dao层的数据成一个对象。介于dao和service层 |
service |
业务层(也叫bbl) |
业务模块操作的逻辑设计。service调用dao层 |
《5》准备项目所需的数据库ssmbuild
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| CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books` ( `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id', `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名', `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量', `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述', KEY `bookID` (`bookID`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'), (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'), (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
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项目基本的准备工作就OK了,然后就可以开始构建模块–>整合模块了。
2、Mybatis框架搭建
Mybatis层就是简化数据操作的,所以它对应的就是dao层。基本操作就是编写dao层接口、编写mapper映射文件
《1》编写数据库配置文件db.properties
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| jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=123456
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《2》IDEA连接mysql数据库
《3》编写mybatis-config.xml文件
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration>
<typeAliases> <package name="com.liu.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <mappers> <mapper class="com.liu.dao.BookMapper"/> </mappers>
</configuration>
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《4》编写数据库实体类com.liu.pojo.Books
(使用lombok插件简化)
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| @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Books { private int bookID; private String bookName; private int bookCounts; private String detail; }
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《5》编写dao层接口com.liu.dao.Books
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| public interface BookMapper { int addBook(Books book); int deleteBookById(int id); int updateBook(Books books); Books queryBookById(int id); List<Books> queryAllBook(); Books queryBookName(String bookName); }
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《6》编写接口对应的mapper映射文件,执行具体的SQL操作【也可以使用注解实现,mybatis学习时用过】
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.liu.dao.BookMapper">
<insert id="addBook" parameterType="com.liu.pojo.Books"> insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail}) </insert>
<delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int"> delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID} </delete>
<update id="updateBook" parameterType="com.liu.pojo.Books"> update ssmbuild.books set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail} where bookID = #{bookID} </update>
<select id="queryBookById" resultType="com.liu.pojo.Books"> select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookID} </select>
<select id="queryAllBook" resultType="com.liu.pojo.Books"> SELECT * from ssmbuild.books; </select>
<select id="queryBookName" resultType="com.liu.pojo.Books"> SELECT * from ssmbuild.books where bookName=#{bookName}; </select>
</mapper>
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2.2 Spring整合Mybatis
在学习Spring时就已经整合过,操作参照就行了
新建spring-dao.xml
用于整合。并在applicationContext.xml
中进行注册
《1》配置数据库连接池
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<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> </bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </bean>
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《2》配置SqlSessionFactory对象,照搬之前的文档
官方文档在关于Spring操作SqlSession部分有以下介绍:
在 MyBatis 中,你可以使用 SqlSessionFactory
来创建 SqlSession
。一旦你获得一个 session 之后,你可以使用它来执行映射了的语句,提交或回滚连接,最后,当不再需要它的时候,你可以关闭 session。使用 MyBatis-Spring 之后,你不再需要直接使用 SqlSessionFactory
了,因为你的 bean 可以被注入一个线程安全的 SqlSession
,它能基于 Spring 的事务配置来自动提交、回滚、关闭 session。
有两种形式:
- 使用
SqlSessionTemplate
- 使用
SqlSessionDaoSupport
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| <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/> </bean>
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注册完后,我们的springIOC
容器中就有了sqlSessionFactory
工厂,可以由此拿到SqlSession
进而拿到代理对象,不再需要每次创建了!
《3》配置Dao层接口扫描。
有了工厂有了SqlSession
,就要配置代理的对象了
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<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <property name="basePackage" value="com.liu.dao"/> </bean>
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总结:总的就是spring代理mybtis,将原先的配置转移到sping中,产生代理并放置于IOC容器里
3、搭建业务逻辑框架
业务逻辑主要涉及service层和controller层。
【这一步也可以在搭建基础环境时就准备好】
接口:与dao
层相对应
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public interface BookService { int addBook(Books book); int deleteBookById(int id); int updateBook(Books books); Books queryBookById(int id); List<Books> queryAllBook(); Books queryBookName(String bookName); }
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实现类:注解开发。service层直接调用dao层的操作
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| public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
@Autowired private BookMapper bookMapper; public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) { this.bookMapper = bookMapper; }
@Override public int addBook(Books book) { return bookMapper.addBook(book); } @Override public int deleteBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id); } @Override public int updateBook(Books books) { return bookMapper.updateBook(books); } @Override public Books queryBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.queryBookById(id); } @Override public List<Books> queryAllBook() { return bookMapper.queryAllBook(); } @Override public Books queryBookName(String bookName) { return bookMapper.queryBookName(bookName); } }
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3.2 整合service层
创建spring-service.xml
文件并在applicationContext.xml
中进行注册
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.liu.service"/> <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.liu.service.BookServiceImpl"> <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean>
</beans>
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4、SpringMVC框架搭建
搭建SpringMVC的基本流程:
- 导入相关依赖
- 编写
web.xml
, 注册DispatcherServlet
- 编写
springmvc
配置文件
- 接下来就是去创建对应的控制类 , controller
- 最后完善前端视图和controller之间的对应。测试
《1》编写web.xml
文件并在applicationContext.xml
中进行注册
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config>
</web-app>
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《2》创建spring-mvc.xml
配置文件。并在web/WEB-INF
下新建jsp
文件夹
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.liu.controller"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" > <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean>
</beans>
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最后applicationContext.xml
应该如图:
5、编写对应controller类和前端页面
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| @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController {
@Autowired @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl") private BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping("/allBook") public String list(Model model) { List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook(); model.addAttribute("list", list); return "allBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/toAddBook") public String toAddPaper() { return "addBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/addBook") public String addPaper(Books books) { System.out.println(books); bookService.addBook(books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook") public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) { Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id); System.out.println(books); model.addAttribute("book",books ); return "updateBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/updateBook") public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) { System.out.println(book); bookService.updateBook(book); Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID()); model.addAttribute("books", books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}") public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) { bookService.deleteBookById(id); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/queryBookName") public String queryBookName(String bookName,Model model) { Books books = bookService.queryBookName(bookName); if(books==null){ return "redirect:/book/allBook"; } List<Books> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(books); model.addAttribute("list", list); return "allBook"; } }
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前端页面我直接copy的代码
allBook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>书籍列表</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div>
<div class="row"> <%--新增书籍--%> <div class="col-md-4 column"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">首页</a> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增书籍</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4 column"> <%--查询书籍--%> <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/queryBookName" method="post" style="float: right"> <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入要查询的书籍名称"> <input type="submit" value="查询" class="btn btn-primary"> </form> </div> </div>
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <table class="table table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>书籍编号</th> <th>书籍名字</th> <th>书籍数量</th> <th>书籍详情</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead>
<tbody> <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}"> <tr> <td>${book.getBookID()}</td> <td>${book.getBookName()}</td> <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td> <td>${book.getDetail()}</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> | <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>
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addBook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html> <head> <title>新增书籍</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>新增书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post"> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br> <input type="submit" value="添加"> </form>
</div>
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updateBook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>修改信息</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>修改信息</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form>
</div>
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项目启动的初始页index.jsp
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| <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head>
<title>首页</title>
<style type="text/css"> a { text-decoration: none; color: black; font-size: 18px; } h3 { width: 180px; height: 38px; margin: 100px auto; text-align: center; line-height: 38px; background: deepskyblue; border-radius: 4px; } </style>
</head> <body>
<h3> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a> </h3> </body> </html>
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6、发布
完整的项目结构如图
《1》在左上角File的Project Structure
中Artifacts
将项目打包。采用Web Application:Exploded
打包【因为是后面添加的web framework,所以他自动打包的会缺少lib依赖,所以我们要自己打包】
《2》配置Tomcat,启动
这个项目虽然很简陋,但是基本的SSM框架很明了。两天时间快速过了一遍,仅仅也只是了解了基本流程,很多细节并不清楚。